Two Weeks Before Death, Stephen Hawking Predicted HOW The UNIVERSE WILL END

 

Two weeks before passing away peacefully, renowned physicist Stephen Hawking predicted the end of the universe. In his final work titled A Smooth Exit From Eternal Inflation, Hawking predicted how our universe would eventually fade to darkness as the stars run out of energy.

Hawking completed a theory outlining his prediction for the end of the universe just two weeks before his death and the work has emerged. According to CNBC, the world-famous physicist, who died last Wednesday at the age of 76, was a co-author of a mathematical paper in which he sought to prove the so-called “multiverse” theory. According to a report by U.K. newspaper The Sunday Times, this theory imagines the existence of many separate universes other than our own.

In his final work, he predicted how our universe would eventually fade to darkness as all the stars run out of energy. Alongside his co-author Professor Thomas Hertog of Belgium’s KU Leuven University, Hawking also proposed a way in which scientists might be able to find alternate universes by using probes on spaceships. This would allow humans to attain a more accurate understanding of our own universe, decipher what else is out there, and ultimately realize our place in the cosmos. “He has often been nominated for the Nobel and should have won it. Now he never can,” Hertog told The Sunday Times in an interview published Sunday.

Hawking, who was perhaps best known for his work on black holes and the theory of relativity, had previously posited the idea that Earth would turn into a giant ball of fire by 2600. Therefore, humans would eventually need to colonize another planet or face extinction, he said.

“Somewhere in the cosmos, perhaps, intelligent life may be watching these lights of ours aware of what they mean,” Hawking said. “Or do our lights wander a lifeless cosmos, unseen beacons announcing that here on our rock, the universe discovered its existence?”

At least Hawking’s theory about the end of the universe sounds like a calm and peaceful way for it to go out.

UK Heating Gas Prices Spike To 2013 Highs Amid Weather "Yellow Warning"

The U.K.’s Met Office issued a ‘yellow’ warning after dumps of snow over the weekend disrupted travel, sending the price of same-day heating gas prices to their highest since 2013...

The average temperature in the U.K. for the rest of Monday will be 1 degree Celsius (34 Fahrenheit), compared with a 10-year average of 5.2 Celsius, according to Bloomberg’s weather model. 

Bloomberg also notes that supplies in the system could plunge 11 percent by the end of the day, according to network manager National Grid Plc. Supplies from the Bacton terminal in Norfolk are below the 10-day average after Total SA said exports from the Elgin Franklin field that feed it have been reduced by about 60 percent from normal levels, potentially until Wednesday evening. Flows into the St. Fergus terminal in Scotland also plunged. Storage supply picked up some of the slack, rising to the highest since Dec. 1.

“Whilst the weather-related heating demand was expected, the reduction in flows via a number of terminals was not,” Nick Campbell, an energy risk manager at Inspired Energy Plc, said by email.

“Therefore this has left the system tight and battling to pull in more gas from the continent.”

There is just one thing preventing Elon Musk’s vision from coming true: The laws of physics

When Elon Musk stepped on stage at Tesla’s product-launch event earlier this month, he knew the market’s confidence in Tesla’s brand had sunk to an all-time low since he took over the company a decade ago. So, he resorted to a tactic that should be familiar to anybody who has been following the company: Shock and awe.

While the event was ostensibly scheduled to introduce Tesla’s new semi-truck – a model that won’t make it’s market debut for another two years, assuming Tesla sticks to its product-rollout deadline – Musk had a surprise in store: A new model of the Tesla Roadster that, he bragged, would be the fastest production car ever sold.

Musk made similarly lofty claims about the battery life and performance of both vehicles. The Tesla semi-trucks, he said, would be able to travel for 500 miles on a single charge. The roadster could clock a staggering 620 – more than double the closest challenger.

There was just one problem, as Tesla fans would later find out, courtesy of Bloomberg: None of it was true.

In fact, many of the promises defy the capabilities of modern battery technology.

Elon Musk knows how to make promises. Even by his own standards, the promises made last week while introducing two new Tesla vehicles—the heavy-duty Semi Truck and the speedy Roadster—are monuments of envelope pushing.

To deliver, according to close observers of battery technology, Tesla would have to far exceed what is currently thought possible.

Take the Tesla Semi: Musk vowed it would haul an unprecedented 80,000 pounds for 500 miles on a single charge, then recharge 400 miles of range in 30 minutes. That would require, based on Bloomberg estimates, a charging system that’s 10 times more powerful than one of the fastest battery-charging networks on the road today—Tesla’s own Superchargers.

The diminutive Tesla Roadster is promised to be the quickest production car ever built. But that achievement would mean squeezing into its tiny frame a battery twice as powerful as the largest battery currently available in an electric car.

These claims are so far beyond current industry standards for electric vehicles that they would require either advances in battery technology or a new understanding of how batteries are put to use, said Sam Jaffe, battery analyst for Cairn Energy Research in Boulder, Colorado. In some cases, experts suspect Tesla might be banking on technological improvements between now and the time when new vehicles are actually ready for delivery.

“I don’t think they’re lying,” Jaffe said. “I just think they left something out of the public reveal that would have explained how these numbers work.”

While Jaffe seems inclined to give Tesla the benefit of the doubt, there’s little, if anything, in Musk’s recent behavior to justify this level of credulity. In recent months, Musk has repeatedly suffered the humiliation of seeing his lies and half-truths exposed. For example, the self-styled “visionary” claimed during the unveiling of the Model 3 Sedan that he would have 1,500 copies of the new model ready for customers by the end of the third quarter. Instead, the company managed a meager 260 models as factory-line workers at its Fremont, Calif. factory struggled to assemble the vehicles by hand as the Model 3 assembly line hadn’t been completed.

Increasingly agitated customers who placed deposits with Tesla back in March 2016 have begun asking for refunds, only to be chagrined by the company’s sluggish response. While nobody in the mainstream press has (somewhat bafflingly) made the connection, Tesla revealed earlier this month that it burned an unprecedented $1.4 billion of cash during the third quarter – or roughly $16 million per day – despite Elon Musk’s assurance that Tesla had its “all-time best quarter” for Model S and X deliveries.

And let’s not forget the fiasco surrounding Tesla’s autopilot software. Musk has repeatedly exaggerated its performance claims. And customers who paid more than $8,000 for a software upgrade more than a year ago have been repeatedly disappointed by delays and sub-par performance.

Musk’s exaggerations about the Tesla Roadster were particularly egregious.

Tesla claims that its new $200,000 Roadster is the quickest production car ever made, clocking zero to 60 in 1.9 seconds. Even crazier is the car’s unprecedented battery range: some 620 miles on a single charge. That’s a longer range than any battery-powered vehicle on the road—almost twice as long as Tesla’s class-leading Model S and Model X.

To achieve such power and range, Musk said the tiny Roadster will need to pack a massive 200-kilowatt-hour battery. That’s twice the size of any battery Tesla currently has on the road. Musk has previously said he won’t be making the packs bigger on the Model S and Model X because of space constraints. So how can he double the pack size in the smaller Roadster.

BNEF’s Morsy has a twofold answer. First, he expects Tesla will probably double-stack battery packs, one on top of the other, beneath the Roadster’s floor. That creates some engineering problems for the battery-management system, but those should not be insurmountable. Still, Morsy said, the batteries required would be too large to fit in such a small frame.

“I really don’t think the car you saw last week had the full 200 kilowatt hours in it,” Morsy said. “I don’t think it’s physically possible to do that right now.”

Is it possible that, thanks to incremental improvements in battery density and cost, Musk somehow manages to hit these lofty targets? Perhaps, though, as Bloomberg points out, the fact that Musk is basing these claims on a set of projections that haven’t yet been realized is hardly confidence inspiring.

To be sure, there’s an important caveat to Musk’s claims. While they may be staggeringly exaggerated, there’s still the possibility that incremental improvements in battery technology will make these targets more feasible by the time the models hit the market.

Again, Musk may be banking on the future. While Tesla began taking deposits on the Roadster immediately—$50,000 for the base model—the first vehicles won’t be delivered until 2020. Meanwhile, battery density has been improving at a rate of 7.5 percent a year, meaning that by the time production starts, packs will be smaller and more powerful, even without a major breakthrough in battery chemistry.

“The trend in battery density is, I think, central to any claim Tesla made about both the Roadster and the Semi,” Morsy said. “That’s totally fair. The assumptions on a pack in 2020 shouldn’t be the same ones you use today.”

However, in its analysis of the feasibility of Musk’s claims, Bloomberg overlooked one crucial detail: Back in August, the company’s veteran director of battery technology, Kurt Kelty, unexpectedly resigned to “explore new opportunities,” abruptly ending a tenure with the company that stretched for more than a decade, and comes at a critical time for Elon Musk.

Kelty’s resignation – part of an exodus of high-level executives that is alarming in and of itself – hardly inspires confidence in Tesla’s ability to innovate. We’ve noticed a trend with Tesla: The more the company underdelivers, the more Musk overpromises.

In our opinion, this is not a sustainable business strategy.  

Via Zero Hedge

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Featured Image: Elon Musk (OnInnovation/Flickr)

The post There is just one thing preventing Elon Musk’s vision from coming true: The laws of physics appeared first on Intellihub.

Einstein"s Scribbled Theory On Happiness Sells For $1.6 Million – 195x Highest Expectations

A scribbled note by Albert Einstein which described his theory on the key to happy living was sold at auction in Jerusalem for $1.56m.

According to The Telegraph, the winning bid for the note far exceeded the pre-auction estimate of between $5,000 and $8,000, according to the website of Winner"s auction house.

"It was an all-time record for an auction of a document in Israel," Winner"s spokesman Meni Chadad told AFP…Bidding in person, online and by phone, started at $2,000. A flurry of offers pushed the price rapidly up for about 20 minutes until the final two potential buyers bid against each other by phone. Applause broke out in the room when the sale was announced.

The newspaper reports that Einstein was on a lecture tour of Japan in 1922 and had recently been awarded the Nobel prize. Einstein didn’t have cash to pay a tip to a bellboy in the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, so he gave him two notes, predicting they would be worth more than a tip. He is reported have said.

“Maybe if you"re lucky those notes will become much more valuable than just a regular tip.”

The Telegraph continues, Einstein dedicated his life to science, but suggested in the notes that fulfilling a long-term ambition doesn"t necessarily guarantee happiness. 

The note said.

“A quiet and modest life brings more joy than a pursuit of success bound with constant unrest.”

The anonymous buyer was from Europe.

The notes were sold by an anonymous Hamburg resident who commented "I am really happy that there are people out there who are still interested in science and history and timeless deliveries in a world which is developing so fast."

On the second note was written “where there’s a will, there’s a way”. It sold for $240,000.

 

Sir Isaac Newton Predicted The End Of The World, And It’s SOON

When Sir Isaac Newton wrote out his notes explaining the laws of gravity, he also wrote down his own “end of days” prediction.  And it’s sooner than expected.

His work on the matter, which was kept in a trunk in the house of the Earl of Portsmouth for 250 years, read: “It may end later, but I see no reason for its ending sooner. This I mention not to assert when the time of the end shall be, but to put a stop to the rash conjectures of fanciful men who are frequently predicting the time of the end, and by doing so bring the sacred prophesies into discredit as often as their predictions fail.”

He also wrote in his notes, that “wicked nations” will be in ruins and the Jews will return from “captivity” to their homeland before the end of the world which could be interpreted as the establishment of Israel after the Second World War. Newton wrote that “the ruin of the wicked nations, the end of weeping and of all troubles, the return of the Jews (from) captivity and their setting up a flourishing and everlasting Kingdom”. The notes are currently on show in Jerusalem’s Hebrew University and the curator of the exhibition, Yemima Ben-Menahem, said that the famous physicist had been guided by religion, and not science.

“These documents show a scientist guided by religious fervor, by a desire to see God’s actions in the world,” said Ben-Menahem. Sir Isaac had a morbid and almost macabre fascination with the end of the world, and the topic was even the subject of a 2003 documentary titled, Newton: The Dark Heretic.The producer of that documentary, Malcolm Neaum, said: “What has been coming out over the past 10 years is what an apocalyptic thinker Newton was. He spent something like 50 years and wrote 4,500 pages trying to predict when the end of the world was coming.  But until now it was not known that he ever wrote down a final figure. He was very reluctant to do so.”

The godfather of physics must have eventually been confident, however. Because he wrote, in his findings from 1704, that the world is set to end in the year 2060, or later. That’s exactly 1,260 years after the foundation of the Holy Roman Empire. The famous scientist reached his apocalyptic conclusion by analyzing the Bible’s Book of Daniel according to his note, but how he reached the conclusion exactly is still a mystery more than 300 years later.

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Scientists Are Developing A Technique To Control The Weather With Laser-Beams

In a breakthrough that could permanently ameliorate the threat of thinning water supplies in California and much of the western US, a team of scientists says it will soon be able to induce rainfall and lightning storms by firing high-energy laser beams into the heavens.

Express reports that the breakthrough involves manipulating the static electricity present in clouds – which, after all, are just balls of condensation, triggering rainfall, according to experts at the University of Central Florida and the University of Arizona.

A six year drought in California was finally declared over this year but the threat for the south-western state as well as other locations in the world remains the same.

But scientists may now be able to induce rain and lightning storms using high energy lasers in a breakthrough that could potentially eradicate droughts throughout the globe.

The possibility of condensation, lightning and storms are ever present in the clouds and are containED through high amounts of static electricity.

Experts from the University of Central Florida and the University of Arizona believe that by firing a series of laser beams, they can activate the static electricity and induce rain and storms.

Here’s how it would work: One beam would be fired into the clouds to stimulate rainfall. Then, a second beam would surround the first beam to help sustain it for longer.

“When a laser beam becomes intense enough, it behaves differently than usual – it collapses inward on itself,” said Matthew Mills, a graduate student in the Center for Research and Education in Optics and Lasers (CREOL).

“The collapse becomes so intense that electrons in the air’s oxygen and nitrogen are ripped off creating plasma – basically a soup of electrons.”

This struggle is known as “filamentation” and creates a “light string” that only lasts for a short time before it disperses – hence the need for the second beam.

However, “because a filament creates excited electrons in its wake as it moves, it artificially seeds the conditions necessary for rain and lightning to occur.”

And, as it turns out, “if you wrap a large, low intensity, doughnut-like ‘dress’ beam around the filament and slowly move it inward, you can provide this arbitrary extension.

“Since we have control over the length of a filament with our method, one could seed the conditions needed for a rainstorm from afar," Mills continued.

“Ultimately, you could artificially control the rain and lightning over a large expanse with such ideas.”

One of the scientists involved with the study appeared on CBS This Morning on Thursday to explain how the technology would work in more detail:

 

Fusion: Will Humanity Ever Harness Star Power?

Fusion is the epitome of “high risk, high reward” scientific research.

If we were to ever successfully harness the forces that power the stars, mankind could have access to power that is almost literally too cheap to meter. However, as Visual Capitalist"s Nick Routley notes, reaching that goal will be a very expensive, long-term commitment – and it’s also very possible that we may never achieve a commercially viable method of fusion power generation.

Today’s video, by the talented team at Kurzgesagt, explains how fusion works, what experiments are ongoing, and the pros and cons of pursuing fusion power generation.

HOW FUSION WORKS

Fusion involves heating nuclei of atoms – usually isotopes of hydrogen – to temperatures in the millions of degrees. At extreme temperatures, atoms are stripped of their electrons and nuclei move so quickly that they overcome their “mutual repulsion”, joining together to form a heavier nucleus. This process gives off massive amounts of energy that investors and researchers hope will propel mankind into an era of cheap and abundant electricity, but without the downsides of many other forms of energy.

I would like nuclear fusion to become a practical power source. It would provide an inexhaustible supply of energy, without pollution or global warming.

– Stephen Hawking, award-winning theoretical physicist

Stars are so large that fusion occurs naturally in their cores – but here on Earth, we’re trying a number of complex methods in the hopes of replicating that process to achieve positive net energy.

The Cost of Bottling a Star

The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), an experimental reactor currently being built in the south of France, will house the world’s largest ever tokamak – a doughnut-shaped reactor that uses a powerful magnetic field to confine plasma. Construction of the facility began in 2013 and is expected to cost €20 billion upon completion in 2021.

Source: Visual Capitalist

Research organizations see ITER as a crucial step in realizing fusion. Though the facility is not designed to generate electricity, it would pave the way for functional reactors.

Competition is Heating Up

There are some who claim that the bureaucracy of government-funded labs is hampering the process. As a result, there is a pack of private companies, fueled by high-profile investors, looking to make commercially-viable fusion into a reality.

Tri Alpha, a company in southern California, is hoping their method of spinning magnetized plasma inside a containment vessel will be a lower-cost method of power generation than ITER. In 2015, they held super-heated hydrogen plasma in a stable state for 5 milliseconds, which is a huge deal in the world of fusion research. The company has attracted over $500 million in investment in the past 20 years, and has the backing of Microsoft co-founder, Paul Allen.

Helion Energy, located in Redmond, Washington, believes they are only a few years away from creating nuclear fusion that can be used as a source for electricity. Their reaction is created by colliding two plasma balls made of hydrogen atom cores at one million miles per hour. Helion Energy’s ongoing research is funded in part by the U.S. Department of Energy’s ARPA-E program, which the Trump administration slated for elimination. Thankfully, Helion still counts Peter Thiel’s Mithril Capital and Y Combinator as supporters.

General Fusion, located in Burnaby, B.C., is taking a different approach. Their piston-based reactor is designed to create energy bursts lasting thousandths of seconds, rather than a sustained plasma reaction. Heat recovered bursts would be used to generate electricity much like nuclear power plants, minus the long-term radioactive waste. General Fusion has attracted millions of dollars in funding, including investment from Bezos Expeditions and the Business Development Bank of Canada.

Time Horizon

Though commercially viable fusion is still a long way off, each new technological breakthrough brings us one step closer. With such a massive payoff for success, research will likely only increase as we get closer to bottling a star here on Earth.

Source: Visual Capitalist

New Study Reveals Convincing Evidence We Live in a ‘Holographic Universe’

February 1, 2017   |   Jake Anderson

(ANTIMEDIA) With all that’s going on in the news and the toxicity we find on social media these days, it’s hard to pull back and think about life in the context of the great cosmic magic show unfolding around and within us. At first blush, one might hear the phrase “holographic universe” and dismiss it as sensationalism or “fake news.” But, incredibly, a new study released Monday concludes that the holographic universe theory is just as likely to be true as our traditional models of space/time.

The holographic universe theory, which originated in the 1990s, suggests that all the information in our universe — including space/time itself — is encoded on a 2D surface.

“Imagine that everything you see, feel and hear in three dimensions (and your perception of time) in fact emanates from a flat two-dimensional field,” said Professor Kostas Skenderis of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Southampton in an interview with PhysOrg. “The idea is similar to that of ordinary holograms where a three-dimensional image is encoded in a two-dimensional surface, such as in the hologram on a credit card. However, this time, the entire universe is encoded.”

The new study, conducted by British, Canadian and Italian researchers, used theoretical physics and astrophysics to analyze irregularities in the cosmic microwave background (commonly thought of as the residual glow of the Big Bang). What their analysis suggests is that one: there are irregularities in current cosmic inflation models and two: the “holographic universe” theory checks out mathematically when applied to the evolution of the universe. In conclusion, the researchers say that there is presently as much evidence to support a holographic universe as there is for the standard cosmological model of the universe.

The holographic universe theory derived from attempts by scientists to describe quantum phenomena using a simplified version of the string theory — the theoretical framework in which particles are defined by string-like filaments. The original purpose of this research was to take on the Herculean task of reconciling Einstein’s theory of relativity with quantum mechanics — a profound mystery that has dogged scientists for decades.

Basically, these two major scientific theories govern our understanding of the universe: general relativity for the big stuff, like galaxies and planets; and quantum mechanics for the small stuff. The problem is that the two are mutually exclusive — in their current incarnations, both theories cannot be right. This means there is a massive, gaping hole in our understanding of the universe. For years, scientists have feverishly attempted to assemble a Grand Unified Theory — ideally one that also explains dark matter and dark energy — but despite this work, a cohesive understanding of the universe continues to elude us.

The holographic universe model is attractive to physicists because it may reconcile general relativity and quantum mechanics. It is far from proven, but the new study suggests the theory is mathematically consistent. While it will probably take decades — if not centuries — for scientists to conclusively prove the ultimate nature of our universe, the new study suggests our reality may be a lot stranger than we ever imagined.

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Euro Crashes To 1.03 Handle For First Time Since 2003

Well for me I have lots of eagles, privated minted rounds, and 10 oz bars and the case for dimes is they are widely accepted by the average joe to be silver.  So come collapse it will make exchanges easy.  People may want me to have a 3rd party verify my eagles/bars but everyone knows a dime when they see one.

Also food will need to be bought with them and I don"t need to buy 3 months of food at a time with an eagle.  I"ll be spending my eagles on cars.