The Effects of Toxic Metals

Many ordinary, everyday products have toxic metals in them. Toxic metals are in the foods we eat, water we drink, and the air we breathe. The human body requires extremely trace amounts of a few metals, but too often the concern is with getting too much, rather than too little. Metal poisoning occurs as a result of the unhealthy accumulation of specific metals in the body. Metals become toxic when the quantity is too high and it takes really very little to be too much.

Mercury, lead and cadmium are three metals that can be especially harmful and aluminum has also presented concerns. These toxic metals enter your body through drinking, eating, inhaling, and skin and eye contact. Once in your body, they cause damage at the cellular level by initiating oxidative stress. This damage can contribute to the development of many diseases and health problems.

Mercury Toxins

Mercury is highly toxic to your health and can be found in thermometers, dental fillings, seafood, and more. Mercury can be inhaled or consumed from tainted food. When it enters the body, it is stored in the kidneys, blood, spleen, brain, liver, bones and fatty tissues. Frequently, mercury is a danger to those who work in industrial settings and coal power plants. Vaccine production also involves mercury.

Your body has no use for mercury, exposure at any amount is toxic. Mercury can seriously affect the nervous system and lead to violent muscular spasms and even death. Pregnant and nursing women should also be cautious as mercury can contaminate breast milk.

Mercury Concentration in Commercial Fish

Lowest Concentration	Medium Concentration	Highest Concentration
Anchovies Butterfish Carp Catfish Clam Cod Crawfish Haddock Herring Mullet Oyster Perch Salmon Sardine Scallop Squid Tilapia Trout Whitefish	Bass (Chilean, Saltwater, Black, Striped) Bluefish Sablefish Scorpionfish Buffalofish Grouper Halibut Lobster Marlin Orange Roughy Sea Trout Skate Snapper Tilefish (Atlantic) Tuna	King Mackerel Shark Swordfish Tilefish

Aluminum Toxins

Aluminum is ridiculously common; a component of foil, cans and cookware, antacids, nasal spray and processed cheese. When aluminum enters your body, it’s absorbed and can accumulate in the kidneys, brain, lungs, liver and thyroid. Aluminum exposure is common with some occupations like welding and mining. In these industries, vapors may be present and inhalation can result in a “super absorption” status. Aluminum is one of many toxic metals thought to cause brain problems. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s have been repeatedly examined for a relation to aluminum accumulation in the brain.

These Products May Contain Aluminum:

Antacids Anti-diarrhea Medication Antiperspirants Astringents Baking Powder Buffered Aspirin Cans Cookware Dentures

Fireworks Foil Hemorrhoid Medications Lipstick Nasal sprays Processed Cheese Toothpaste Vaccines Vaginal Douches

Lead Toxins

Lead has long been known to be hazardous. Drinking water, old homes, and tobacco smoke are all potential sources of toxic lead exposure. Dust and flakes from lead based paint have caused unbelievable public health nightmares but fortunately regulations have been able to reduce the problem. When lead enters the body, it goes into the bloodstream and starts depositing itself in the body- bones, soft tissue, and the brain. It’s harmful for children and it’s harmful for pregnant women, be extremely cautious of exposure to lead!

Products That May Contain Lead:

Antiques Car batteries? Cable coverings Ceramics Cigarettes Crystal

Paints Pesticides PVC plastics X-ray shields Toys and products imported from China

Cadmium Toxins

The human body doesn’t need cadmium in any amount and even low levels are toxic. Exposure happens primarily through contaminated foods, however cigarettes and industry are also sources; as are nickel-cadmium batteries, hazardous waste facilities, and fertilizer. Cadmium is slow to exit the body and the negative effects of cadmium are disastrous, affecting the cardiovascular and reproductive systems, kidneys, eyes, and brain.

Foods That May Contain Cadmium:

Shelled seeds Organ Meats Cabbage Potato Chips Peanut Butter & Peanuts

French fries Cookies Celery Potatoes

How Can I Protect Myself from Toxic Metals?

First, establish where you’re at. Toxic metal tests can be done by many chiropractors or natural healthcare practitioners using hair, blood or urine analysis. A sauna is great for heat therapy, which dissolves toxins in the blood and lets you sweat them out. Find a dentist who has experience and knowledge removing mercury fillings and have your mercury amalgam fillings removed immediately. Be cautious of antiperspirants, cookware and utensils that contain aluminum. Avoid food or drink in aluminum cans. Think twice about vaccinations for things that are no longer common.

Toxic metal poisons are all around us and you need to actively avoid toxic metal exposure. However, total avoidance can be a very tricky proposition- the stuff is everywhere. Detoxifying and cleansing your body is the next step to reducing the toxins that affect your health.

The post The Effects of Toxic Metals appeared first on The Sleuth Journal.

8 Things You May Not Know About Lead Poisoning

Lead is a toxic metal and lead poisoning can have really ugly consequences. Lead exposure commonly happens by way of lead based paint, the CDC has reported it as the number one cause of exposure in children. Other persons are exposed to lead dust through occupational hazards. But did you know lead exposure can cause sexual dysfunction? Or that, not long ago, multiple cases of lead poisoning resulted from contaminated flour? Here are 8 things you may not know about lead and lead poisoning.

1. Lead Exposure May Cause Schizophrenia

Researchers at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health found that lead exposure can negatively affect the areas of the brain that are linked to schizophrenic behavior. ^[1]

2. Lead Poisoning Can Cause Erectile Dysfunction

Research conducted at Turkey’s Konya Research and Training Hospital found that chronic lead exposure was a factor responsible for increased frequency of erectile dysfunction. ^[2]

3. Lead Poisoning Can Unexpectedly Affect Pregnant Women

We all know lead poisoning is toxic and its horrible effect is multiplied when it affects pregnant women. That said, many pregnant women take extra precautions to avoid toxic metal exposure. But what if exposure happened years prior?

Lead may stay in the bones, immobilized, for decades and only mobilized when calcium needs increase during pregnancy. This leads to pregnant women and their unborn children being at a higher risk for complications from lead exposure, including anemia, high blood pressure, low birth weight, and developmental delays. This can be extremely frightening because the length in time between exposure and effect can make evaluation very difficult. ^[3]

4. Lead is Toxic to Animals

The focus on lead poisoning is not limited to humans. The Department of Biomedical Sciences at Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine reviewed 45 years worth of literature and found 70 incidences that involved cats. Symptoms of poisoning can be less apparent in animals and researchers warned that lead toxicosis may be an under recognized problem in felines. ^[4]

5. Lead is Toxic to People Who Eat Animals

Hunting is usually done with lead ammunition. While previously dismissed as an “unlikely source of lead exposure” researchers have more recently warned that lead bullets can fragment upon impact and particles can distribute, polluting the meat. This is a potential lead exposure risk for anyone who ingests the meat of wild game that was hunted with lead ammunition. ^[5]

This has been of particular concern in Greenland. Research has shown a close relationship between how often adults consume wild birds taken during hunting and measured levels of lead in blood. The situation is severe enough that lead shot is fingered as the primary source of lead exposure for persons in Greenland. ^[6]

6. Lead has Been Found in Children’s Toys

In 2003, the Deschutes County Health Department and the Oregon Department of Human Services reported a lead poisoning incident involving a boy who had swallowed a metal trinket that was sold in a vending machine. ^[7]

Additionally, the Department of Chemistry at Ashland University in Ohio found, when evaluating paint scraped off plastic jewelry items, lead limits to be in excess of regulatory limits. Furthermore, these were on items intended for children! Just another reason to avoid plastic junk. ^[8]

7. Lead Can Significantly Contaminate Food

In 1996, a community in Chile was the subject of a massive lead poisoning incident caused by contamination of flour. Apparently, a grinding stone at the flour mill had been repaired with lead. Unfortunately, persons under six year of age at the time of exposure had a low IQ when 10 year follow up measurements were evaluated. ^[9]

8. Lead May Have Killed Beethoven

The Department of Psychiatry at the University of Ottawa conducted a toxicological analysis of Beethoven’s hair and discovered high lead levels. Lead was a common, albeit illegal, additive to wine during the 18th and 19th centuries. Researchers hypothesized Beethoven may have actually died due to a combination of liver cirrhosis, lead poisoning, and kidney failure, rather than the syphilis that is often cited. ^[10]

References (9)

1. Guilarte TR, Opler M, Pletnikov M. Is lead exposure in early life an environmental risk factor for Schizophrenia? Neurobiological connections and testable hypotheses. Neurotoxicology. 2012 Jun;33(3):560-74. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.11.008. Epub 2011 Dec 9. Review.


2. Gonulalan U, Hayırlı A, Kosan M, Ozkan O, Yılmaz H. Erectile dysfunction and depression in patients with chronic lead poisoning. Andrologia. 2012 Nov 1. doi: 10.1111/and.12029.


3. Alba A, Carleton L, Dinkel L, Ruppe R. Increased lead levels in pregnancy among immigrant women. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2012 Sep-Oct;57(5):509-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00166.x. Epub 2012 Aug 21. Review.


4. Knight TE, Kumar MS. Lead toxicosis in cats-a review. J Feline Med Surg. 2003 Oct;5(5):249-55. Review.


5. Pain DJ, Cromie RL, Newth J, Brown MJ, Crutcher E, Hardman P, Hurst L, Mateo R, Meharg AA, Moran AC, Raab A, Taggart MA, Green RE. Potential hazard to human health from exposure to fragments of lead bullets and shot in the tissues of game animals. PLoS One. 2010 Apr 26;5(4):e10315. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010315.


6. Johansen P, Pedersen HS, Asmund G, Riget F. Lead shot from hunting as a source of lead in human blood. Environ Pollut. 2006 Jul;142(1):93-7. Epub 2005 Nov 8.


7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Lead poisoning from ingestion of a toy necklace–Oregon, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 Jun 18;53(23):509-11.


8. Yost JL, Weidenhamer JD. Lead contamination of inexpensive plastic jewelry. Sci Total Environ. 2008 Apr 15;393(2-3):348-50. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.009. Epub 2008 Feb 19.


9. Coria C, Cabello A, Tassara E, López E, Rosales H, Pérez M, Zavala C, Muñoz P, Orellana G, Inostroza MI, Contreras L, Kirsten L. [Long term consequences among children exposed to lead poisoning]. Rev Med Chil. 2009 Aug;137(8):1037-44. doi: /S0034-98872009000800006. Epub 2009 Nov 4. Spanish.


10. Mai FM. Beethoven’s terminal illness and death. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2006 Oct;36(3):258-63.

Create your own review

Average rating:  

 0 reviews

Toxic Metal: The Health Dangers of Cobalt

Cobalt is naturally occurring element that does have beneficial applications. For instance, cobalt is an essential component of vitamin B12. Cobalt has been added to pigments to produce a distinct blue color. Lithium ion batteries contain cobalt. In the medical field, cobalt-60 is used in radiotherapy and for sterilizing medical equipment. Hip replacements are also made of cobalt. Regardless of these perceived advantages, cobalt is not without its problems. Cobalt can accumulate to toxic levels in the liver, kidney, pancreas, and heart, as well as the skeleton and skeletal muscle. Cobalt has been found to produce tumors in animals and is likely a human carcinogen as well.

Cobalt Exposure

Industrial plants may leak cobalt and other toxic metals into the environment. Once cobalt particles enter the atmosphere, they settle to the ground and enter the food and water supply; most of the population is exposed to cobalt through food, water, and air. Cobalt makes its way through the environment and cannot be destroyed. People working in industrial settings have an increased risk of exposure to toxins, including cobalt. Also, it’s been reported that hip replacements containing cobalt have caused problems due to nano particles of cobalt breaking away and contaminating the body.

Occupational Exposure to Cobalt

Occupational cobalt exposure is a known problem and part of a larger problem that includes exposure to other toxic metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. All of these compounds are classified as carcinogens and linked to cancer. When the body becomes exposed to these metals, a disruption of homeostasis is the result and that causes oxidative stress, DNA damage, and serious degenerative diseases. Experiencing the effects of toxic metal toxicity does not require “nuclear meltdown” levels of exposure either. Heart and lung problems have been shown to follow exposure to levels of cobalt near or even under current occupational exposure limits. ^[1]

Sweden’s Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine at Uppsala University Hospital warns that low levels of cobalt exposure negatively impact lung function. Other studies have linked cobalt to occupational asthma. ^[2] [3]

Occupational exposure to cobalt powder has been linked to vision and hearing problems. The toxic effect of cobalt on vision was also noted in research conducted by the Robert Stempel School of Public Health at Florida International University in Miami. ^[4] Unfortunately, now, patients with hip implants containing cobalt are suffering from similar effects including tinnitus, deafness, vertigo, and blindness. ^[5]

Cobalt and Hip Replacements

Advanced hip disease is a problem that generally requires a hip replacement and most hip replacements are made of cobalt and chromium. Well over one million metal-on-metal hip replacement procedures have been completed, many successfully. However, the use of cobalt-chromium alloys in orthopedic replacements has created a new source of internal cobalt exposure. Wear and corrosion produce soluble metal debris in the form nano particles that disseminate through the body via the lymph nodes and cardiovascular system, leading to toxicity. ^[6] [7] This can affect immune system function and damage DNA and chromosomes. ^[8]Furthermore, nano particles have properties that their bulk states do not. At this time, much is unknown regarding toxic and carcinogenic effects of nano particles although studies have linked them to oxidative stress and redness. ^[9]

Testing for Cobalt Exposure?

Within days of exposure, a doctor can administer blood or urine tests to detect cobalt levels. Test results will indicate the amount of cobalt in your body and, depending on what prompted your concern, you may be able to pinpoint causes of exposure. However, tests cannot determine what health-related effects you will experience. In my opinion, the health consequences from exposure to any toxic metal, including cobalt, isn’t worth the risk. I would encourage you to get your cobalt levels tested and perform a chemical and toxic metal cleanse if you’re concerned about the effects of exposure to cobalt.

References (9)

1. Koedrith P, Seo YR. Advances in carcinogenic metal toxicity and potential molecular markers. Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(12):9576-95. doi: 10.3390/ijms12129576. Epub 2011 Dec 20.


2. Rehfisch P, Anderson M, Berg P, Lampa E, Nordling Y, Svartengren M, Westberg H, Gunnarsson LG. Lung function and respiratory symptoms in hard metal workers exposed to cobalt. J Occup Environ Med. 2012 Apr;54(4):409-13. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31824d2d7e.


3. Walters GI, Moore VC, Robertson AS, Burge CB, Vellore AD, Burge PS. An outbreak of occupational asthma due to chromium and cobalt. Occup Med (Lond). 2012 Oct;62(7):533-40. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqs111.


4. Mendy A, Gasana J, Vieira ER. Urinary heavy metals and associated medical conditions in the US adult population. Int J Environ Health Res. 2012;22(2):105-18. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2011.605877. Epub 2011 Aug 19.


5. Apostoli P, Catalani S, Zaghini A, Mariotti A, Poliani PL, Vielmi V, Semeraro F, Duse S, Porzionato A, Macchi V, Padovani A, Rizzetti MC, De Caro R. High doses of cobalt induce optic and auditory neuropathy. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2012 Oct 12. doi:pii: S0940-2993(12)00087-5. 10.1016/j.etp.2012.09.006.


6. Campbell JR, Estey MP. Metal release from hip prostheses: cobalt and chromium toxicity and the role of the clinical laboratory. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2013 Jan;51(1):213-20. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0492.


7. Simonsen LO, Harbak H, Bennekou P. Cobalt metabolism and toxicology–a brief update. Sci Total Environ. 2012 Aug 15;432:210-5. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.009. Epub 2012 Jun 23. Review.


8. Gill HS, Grammatopoulos G, Adshead S, Tsialogiannis E, Tsiridis E. Molecular and immune toxicity of CoCr nanoparticles in MoM hip arthroplasty. Trends Mol Med. 2012 Mar;18(3):145-55. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.12.002. Epub 2012 Jan 12. Review.


9. Magaye R, Zhao J, Bowman L, Ding M. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of cobalt-, nickel- and copper-based nanoparticles. Exp Ther Med. 2012 Oct;4(4):551-561. Epub 2012 Aug 7.

Create your own review

Average rating:  

 0 reviews

Toxic Metal: The Health Dangers of Tin

When most people think about tin, they imagine tin cans, tin foil, and maybe even Rin Tin Tin. Tin is a naturally occurring metal of a familiar silver color. Tin is resistant to corrosion and often used as a coating for other metals such as steel. The most common example is the use of tin to line the insides of beverage cans and food containers.Tin has other metallurgic application- when it is alloyed with copper, bronze is the result. If you’ve ever seen pewter figurines or collectibles, know that they can contain up to 90% tin. Tin is a component of solder- a regular tool for plumbing applications and electrical circuits. If you check your toothpaste label you are likely to notice the ingredient “stannous fluoride” which is a tin compound. Despite, or in light of, this frequency of exposure, concerns have been raised about the safety of tin and research has shown that tin can negatively impact human health.

Exposure to Tin

Food containers that contain tin usually have a very fine layer of lacquer applied to prevent the tin from leeching into your food or drink. Unfortunately, acidic foods may compromise that protective film. If you eat seafood, be mindful of its origin as tin has been found in seafood caught off certain costal waters. Household products like toothpaste and soap may have tin compounds added.

Manufacturing and industrial facilities are often guilty of releasing toxic metals like tin into the environment. This not only affects workers, but people who live in the vicinity too (and really, all of us). High concentrations of tin are usually found in air and soil samples in and around areas where hazardous waste is present. This can present groundwater contamination concerns.

Exposure to tin is often a byproduct of modern society. Taiwan, for example, has been changing from an agricultural society to an industrial society over the past 40 years. Due to this industrial progression, incidence of occupational neurotoxic disease has increased. Most neurotoxic diseases stem from exposure to various toxic metals, including tin, and the nervous system is especially vulnerable. ^[1]

Tin’s Negative Effects on Health

Tumor formations have been observed in the lungs of rats that inhaled dust containing tin. ^[2]

The University of Medical Sciences in Iran investigated in vitro effects of several metals, including tin, on sperm creatine kinase. Reduced sperm metabolism was observed which is believed to be a cause of infertility in men. ^[3]

Exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and tin has been shown to affect the hematological (blood) system. ^[4]

Tin dust can irritate the skin and delicate tissue, particularly the eyes and respiratory system. ^[5]

Two studies out of Japan confirmed adverse effects from tin exposure to the lungs, particularly occupational lung disease. ^[6] [7]

In a study by the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology at Opole University, tin was found to be extremely topic to human embryonic kidney cells. ^[8]

The nervous system is a target for a number of metals. Aluminum, arsenic, lead, and mercury are known to be incredibly neurotoxic. Lead and tin are thought to affect energy metabolism and can stall brain function by interfering with neurotransmitters. ^[9]

How Can You Reduce Your Tin Exposure?

At this time, neither the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the International Agency for Research on Cancer have yet to classify tin compounds as carcinogenic to humans so regulation is not as stringent as may be appropriate. The prevalence of tin and tin compounds in industry makes it difficult to completely avoid exposure but there are a few measures you can take. With regard to diet, eat less canned food and don’t eat seafood caught from areas known to be contaminated with tin or other toxic metals. If your occupation includes safety hazards like toxic metal exposure, your risks levels are especially high.

Tests are available to determine the presence of tin compounds in the body but do not indicate where or when exposure happened. If you’re concerned about the effect of toxic metals in your body, I recommend performing a chemical and toxic metal cleanse.

References (9)

1. 
   
   1. Liu CH, Huang CY, Huang CC. Occupational neurotoxic diseases in taiwan. Saf Health Work. 2012 Dec;3(4):257-67. doi: 10.5491/SHAW.2012.3.4.257. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
   
   
   2. Jiang GY, Wei SJ, Li XP, Wang LH, Mai ZD, Ge XM. [Pathological observation of lung injury in experimental animals induced by non-ferrous metal (tin) dusts]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2012 Aug;30(8):561-6. Chinese.
   
   
   3. Ghaffari MA, Motlagh B. In vitro effect of lead, silver, tin, mercury, indium and bismuth on human sperm creatine kinase activity: a presumable mechanism for men infertility. Iran Biomed J. 2011;15(1-2):38-43.
   
   
   4. Roney N, Abadin HG, Fowler B, Pohl HR. Metal ions affecting the hematological system. Met Ions Life Sci. 2011;8:143-55.
   
   
   5. R.C.BrowneEncyclopedia of occupational health and safety col. ll/L-Z.Br J Ind Med. c.31(1);jan 1974.(1):75.
   
   
   6. Chonan T, Taguchi O, Omae K. Interstitial pulmonary disorders in indium-processing workers. Eur Respir J. 2007 Feb;29(2):317-24. Epub 2006 Oct 18.
   
   
   7. Nogami H, Shimoda T, Shoji S, Nishima S. [Pulmonary disorders in indium-processing workers]. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi. 2008 Jan;46(1):60-4. Japanese.
   
   
   8. Boniewska-Bernacka E, Man D, Słota R, Broda MA. Effect of tin and lead chlorotriphenyl analogues on selected living cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2011 Jul-Aug;25(4):231-7. doi: 10.1002/jbt.20380. Epub 2010 Dec 10.
   
   
   9. Clarkson TW. Metal toxicity in the central nervous system. Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Nov;75:59-64. Review.
   
   

The Health Dangers of Cadmium

Cadmium is a toxic metal that occurs naturally in the environment. Humans are exposed to cadmium mostly through plant-derived food. There is no safe margin of cadmium exposure and the need to lower human exposure is desperate. Cadmium produces a number of health problems and is a known carcinogen. In industry, it’s regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and it has a very low permissible exposure level.

Effects of Cadmium Exposure

Cadmium is of no use to the human body and is toxic even at low levels. The negative effects of cadmium on the body are numerous and can impact nearly all systems in the body, including cardiovascular, reproductive, the kidneys, eyes, and even the brain.

• Cadmium affects blood pressure. ^[1]


• Cadmium affects prostate function and testosterone levels. ^[2]


• Cadmium induces bone damage (Itai-ltai). ^[3]


• Exposure to cadmium can affect renal and dopaminergic systems in children. ^[4]

According to the US Environmental Protection Agency and the International Agency for Research on Cancer, cadmium induces multiple organ damage and one aspect of that is as a carcinogen. ^[5] Research by the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services confirms cadmium is linked to human pancreatic cancer. ^[6]

Cadmium’s Effect on the Brain

Cadmium has a very detrimental effect on the central nervous system, including decreased attention and memory in humans. This is likely because cadmium induces neuron cell death. Neurons are brain cells that communicate and transmit information, if they are affected, so is brain function. ^[7]

Cadmium and Cancer

Exposure to this toxic metal even affects the unborn before they’ve even joined this world. Cadmium is well-known to cross the placenta and to accumulate in fetal tissues. Prenatal exposure is a threat to the developing brain and results in reduced birth weight and birth size. ^[8]

Sources of Cadmium Exposure

Consuming polluted food is the main source of cadmium intake for non-smokers. As if the reasons to quit smoking weren’t high enough, higher cadmium level are found in smokers compared to non-smokers. ^[9]Other sources of cadmium exposure include nickel-cadmium batteries, fumes from hazardous waste facilities, and fertilizers.

Protect Yourself from Cadmium Exposure

Because of the prevalence of cadmium in industry and the environment, completely eliminating exposure is a very difficult task but there are steps you can take to reduce and counteract your exposure risks. Eat a healthy diet of organically grown fruit, vegetables, and meat to decrease absorption of cadmium. It may be a little more expensive, but your health is worth it. Get yourself tested to determine the level of cadmium in your body. If you feel your levels are too high, I suggest a chemical and toxic metal cleanse.

References (9)

1. 
   
   1. Caciari T, Sancini A, Tomei F, Antetomaso L, Tomei G, Scala B, Sinibaldi F, Di Pastena C, Andreozzi G, Nardone N, Schifano MP, Corbosiero P, Capozzella A, De Sio S, Ciarrocca M. Cadmium blood/urine levels and blood pressure in workers occupationally exposed to urban stressor. Ann Ig. 2012 Sep-Oct;24(5):417-28.
   
   
   2. Pizent A, Tariba B, Živković T. Reproductive toxicity of metals in men. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2012;63 Suppl 1:35-46. doi: 10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2151. Review.
   
   
   3. Ciobanu C, Slencu BG, Cuciureanu R. Estimation of dietary intake of cadmium and lead through food consumption. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2012 Apr-Jun;116(2):617-23. Review.
   
   
   4. Evrenoglou L, Partsinevelou SA, Stamatis P, Lazaris A, Patsouris E, Kotampasi C, Nicolopoulou-Stamati P. Children exposure to trace levels of heavy metals at the north zone of Kifissos River. Sci Total Environ. 2013 Jan 15;443:650-61. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.041. Epub 2012 Dec 7.
   
   
   5. Tchounwou PB, Yedjou CG, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ. Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. EXS. 2012;101:133-64. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6.
   
   
   6. Qu W, Tokar EJ, Kim AJ, Bell MW, Waalkes MP. Chronic cadmium exposure in vitro causes acquisition of multiple tumor cell characteristics in human pancreatic epithelial cells. Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Sep;120(9):1265-71. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205082. Epub 2012 May 24.
   
   
   7. Pacini S, Fiore MG, Magherini S, Morucci G, Branca JJ, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M. Could cadmium be responsible for some of the neurological signs and symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 2012 Sep;79(3):403-7. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.06.007. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
   
   
   8. Gundacker C, Hengstschläger M. The role of the placenta in fetal exposure to heavy metals. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2012 May;162(9-10):201-6. doi: 10.1007/s10354-012-0074-3. Review.
   
   
   9. Cejchanová M, Wranová K, Spevácková V, Krsková A, Smíd J, Cerná M. Human bio-monitoring study–toxic elements in blood of women. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2012 Jun;20(2):139-43.